Articles on the Zama Confidential Blockchain Protocol, which runs smart contracts on encrypted data with Fully Homomorphic Encryption: how symbolic execution, coprocessors, the Gateway rollup and the threshold KMS fit together, what each component has to be trusted for, and where the shipped code differs from the whitepaper.
The category also covers the operator side, running a coprocessor node or a KMS party, and the developer side: the OpenZeppelin ERC-7984 confidential token, the zero-knowledge proofs attached to encrypted inputs, and the access-control model of encrypted handles.
6 posts
How the Zama KMS holds the FHE decryption key as 13 shares, what its gRPC operations do, how a node is built (core, connector, vaults, backups) and deployed in Nitro Enclaves.
2026, Sep 18 —
A reading of the Zama fhevm whitepaper (v3.1, June 2025) against the zama-ai/fhevm repository, with the changes the implementation has made since the paper was written.
2026, Sep 18 —
How the Zama Confidential Blockchain Protocol splits work between host contracts, coprocessors, a Gateway rollup and a threshold KMS, and which of them you trust.
2026, Sep 18 —
What a Zama coprocessor node is made of, how its six services move work through PostgreSQL and S3, and how an operator deploys one on EKS with the coprocessor-operator charts.
2026, Sep 18 —
How the Zama Confidential Blockchain Protocol uses zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge on encrypted inputs, which proof system TFHE-rs relies on, where the proof is verified, and why the calldata inputProof holds signatures rather than the proof.
2026, Jul 24 —
A deep technical analysis of the OpenZeppelin ERC-7984 Confidential Fungible Token implementation, covering the core accounting model, FHE-safe arithmetic, ACL access patterns, operator system, and the extension ecosystem.
2026, Feb 24 —
