The CCM Mode of Operation (NIST SP 800-38C): Counter Mode with CBC-MAC
How CCM (NIST SP 800-38C) combines CBC-MAC and counter mode under one AES key: B0 formatting, counter blocks, MAC length bounds and nonce rules.
2026, Oct 05 — 30 minute read
Zama and Post-Quantum Cryptography: Everything Is Lattice-Based Except One Pairing
Which parts of the Zama protocol resist a quantum adversary and which do not: TFHE and the threshold MPC stand on lattices and information theory, ML-KEM already ships in production, and the gap is one pairing-based proof plus the host chain's signatures.
2026, Oct 02 — 15 minute read
Noah's Ark: Threshold FHE by Noise Flooding, and What Zama Actually Shipped
Reading eprint 2023/815 against zama-ai/threshold-fhe: the Switch-n-Squash trick, the two-uniform flooding analysis, and six places where the Rust implementation and the paper do not say the same thing.
2026, Oct 02 — 15 minute read
Tokenised Money Market Funds in the EU — What Regulation 2017/1131 Requires of an On-Chain Share Class
Why a tokenised EU money market fund falls under the MMF Regulation, not MiCA, and how dealing price, gates, holder checks and the support ban apply to it.
2026, Oct 01 — 23 minute read
Tendermint — BFT Consensus over Gossip, Locks and the validValue Termination Mechanism
How Tendermint decides a block in propose, prevote and precommit steps, locks values for safety, and terminates through validValue and gossip.
2026, Oct 01 — 24 minute read
LVNAV Funds Under Stress — Amortised Cost, the 20 bp Price Band and the Article 34 Liquidity Tools
How EU LVNAV money market funds keep a stable price, how the 10 bp, 20 bp and 30 % rules behaved in 2020 and 2022, and what the 2023 and 2026 reviews concluded.
2026, Oct 01 — 21 minute read
HotStuff — Linear and Responsive BFT Consensus, from Basic HotStuff to the Event-Driven Pacemaker
How HotStuff adds a third voting phase so a new BFT leader needs only O(n) authenticators and n−f replies, and how chaining pipelines the phases.
2026, Oct 01 — 28 minute read
