How Rundler implements an ERC-4337 bundler in Rust — the Pool, Builder and RPC tasks, mempool simulation and reputation, the bundle sender state machine, gas estimation, signature aggregation and multi-entry-point support.
2026, Jul 30 — 29 minute read
A walkthrough of Alchemy's ERC-4337 stack — Modular Account V2 and its semi-modular variants, validation selection through the UserOperation nonce, deferred actions, session-key permission modules, the Rundler bundler, and the hosted Wallet APIs.
2026, Jul 30 — 32 minute read
A study guide to the foundational zero-knowledge proof papers. Fifteen technical concepts and fifteen formulas that recur across GKR, Pinocchio, Groth16, Bulletproofs, STARKs, Sonic, Marlin, Spartan, Halo, Nova and Zerocash.
2026, Jul 28 — 26 minute read
How Medusa fuzzes Solidity contracts. Architecture, the corpus and coverage feedback loop, assertion, property and optimization tests, and a step-by-step setup on a real project.
2026, Jul 28 — 30 minute read
How the Gnosis Conditional Tokens contracts model prediction markets, why collection identifiers are elliptic curve points on alt_bn128, and what the 2019 audit found.
2026, Jul 28 — 29 minute read
A simple guide to conditional tokens, the stickers that turn into money once a question is answered. Explained with a school fair prize shop, a locked money box, and a clever way of naming things.
2026, Jul 28 — 18 minute read
How the Zama Confidential Blockchain Protocol uses zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge on encrypted inputs, which proof system TFHE-rs relies on, where the proof is verified, and why the calldata inputProof holds signatures rather than the proof.
2026, Jul 24 — 20 minute read
