Normal densities, the empirical rule checked by integration, the central limit theorem, a Monte Carlo estimate of pi, and what a 95 % interval means.
2026, Oct 26 — 29 minute read
Shapella (April 2023) unlocked staking withdrawals with EIP-4895 and changed the EVM with PUSH0, an initcode limit and a warm COINBASE.
2026, Oct 23 — 13 minute read
How The Merge replaced proof of work with proof of stake in 2022: EIP-3675, PREVRANDAO, Bellatrix, the Engine API and what changed for contracts.
2026, Oct 23 — 15 minute read
Glamsterdam, live on Sepolia since October 2026, brings enshrined PBS, block-level access lists, state gas and 64 KiB contracts. All 18 EIPs explained.
2026, Oct 23 — 23 minute read
How Ethereum charges gas, why a transaction cannot exceed 16,777,216 gas since Fusaka, and how Glamsterdam's state gas changes the limit.
2026, Oct 23 — 21 minute read
Fusaka's 13 EIPs grouped by topic: PeerDAS data sampling, blob-only forks, the 16,777,216 gas cap, CLZ, MODEXP limits and the P-256 precompile.
2026, Oct 23 — 19 minute read
The nine EIPs of Ethereum's Dencun upgrade (March 2024): blobs and their fee market, transient storage, MCOPY, SELFDESTRUCT and beacon roots.
2026, Oct 23 — 16 minute read
