A technical introduction to Halo by Bowe, Grigg and Hopwood. Covers incrementally verifiable computation, amortized polynomial commitments, nested amortization, the Sonic-based main argument, and the Tweedledum/Tweedledee curve cycle.
2026, Jun 19 — 20 minute read
An intuitive guide to Halo, the first system that lets you verify a million steps of computation by checking just one small proof, without trusting any secret setup ceremony.
2026, Jun 19 — 12 minute read
A technical introduction to the GKR protocol by Goldwasser, Kalai and Rothblum. Covers layered arithmetic circuits, the sum-check protocol, multilinear extensions, and the recursive reduction used to build efficient interactive proofs.
2026, Jun 19 — 21 minute read
An intuitive guide to the GKR protocol through everyday analogies. Learn how a verifier can check a massive computation by asking a few clever questions, without re-running a single step.
2026, Jun 19 — 15 minute read
Canton Network is a privacy-preserving Layer-1 blockchain using Daml smart contracts and two-layer consensus. Learn its architecture, privacy model, and how it compares to Ethereum, Railgun, Zcash, Zama fhEVM, and Besu.
2026, May 12 — 15 minute read
A deep-dive into Hash Time-Locked Contracts (HTLCs) - how they work cryptographically, how Garden Finance uses them for a trustless Bitcoin bridge, and the threat model behind the protocol.
2026, May 11 — 12 minute read
A deep dive into Soroban's three storage types, TTL mechanics, and the Protocol 23 auto-restoration model — with a focus on how archival semantics affect smart contract security analysis.
2026, Apr 15 — 9 minute read
