A technical comparison of traditional futures and crypto perpetual futures, covering no-arbitrage pricing, mark-to-market settlement, the funding rate mechanism, and liquidation.
2025, Dec 29 — 13 minute readThis article is an overview of the OpenZeppelin ERC-4337 Account contract. The content is mainly based on the OpenZeppelin documentation.
2025, Dec 13 — 8 minute readThis article summarizes the essential points to verify when reviewing a Solidity verifier contract using in zk-proof systems
2025, Nov 28 — 8 minute readA hypergraph is a generalization of a graph where an edge may connect any number of vertices, not just two.
2025, Nov 25 — 4 minute readPedersen commitment provides a way to commit to a secret value while keeping it hidden, and ensures the value cannot be changed later.
2025, Nov 22 — 4 minute readTornado Cash is one of Ethereum’s pioneering privacy protocols build on zk-SNARK and Circom zero-knowledge circuits.
2025, Nov 19 — 12 minute readOverview of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), including their mathematical foundations, activation and loss functions, and a comparative analysis with Perceptrons, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Transformer architectures.
2025, Nov 14 — 7 minute read