OpenZeppelin ERC-4337 Account contract Overview

This article is an overview of the OpenZeppelin ERC-4337 Account contract. The content is mainly based on the OpenZeppelin documentation.

2025, Dec 13   —  8 minute read

Hypergraph and Hypertree - Overview

A hypergraph is a generalization of a graph where an edge may connect any number of vertices, not just two.

2025, Nov 25   —  4 minute read

The Pedersen Commitment - Overview

Pedersen commitment provides a way to commit to a secret value while keeping it hidden, and ensures the value cannot be changed later.

2025, Nov 22   —  4 minute read

Tornado Cash Circuits - Overview

Tornado Cash is one of Ethereum’s pioneering privacy protocols build on zk-SNARK and Circom zero-knowledge circuits.

2025, Nov 19   —  12 minute read

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) - Overview

Overview of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), including their mathematical foundations, activation and loss functions, and a comparative analysis with Perceptrons, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Transformer architectures.

2025, Nov 14   —  7 minute read

Blockchain gas price

Gas price source

2025, Nov 10   —  1 minute read

Solana Staking - Overview

Staking in Solana is the process of locking SOL tokens in a stake account to...

2025, Nov 09   —  5 minute read